Coronary artery disease is a common heart condition that develops when the arteries that supply blood to your heart become narrowed or blocked. Understanding coronary heart disease and identifying it early makes it easier to manage symptoms. Early detection also helps reduce risks and allows you to make informed decisions about your heart health. Here’s what you need to know about coronary heart disease:
What Is Coronary Artery Disease?
Coronary artery disease, also known as coronary heart disease, affects the arteries responsible for supplying blood to your heart muscle. The condition develops when cholesterol and other fatty substances (plaque) accumulate on the artery walls, a process called atherosclerosis. As these fatty deposits grow, they narrow the arteries, restricting the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart.
The reduced blood flow can lead to significant health complications. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form and completely block the artery, causing a heart attack. Over time, the constant strain on the heart can also lead to an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) or heart failure.
What Are Its Symptoms?
Coronary artery disease may not produce symptoms in its early stages; symptoms typically appear only after the plaque has significantly narrowed the arteries. Once blood flow is restricted, you may experience one or more of the following indicators.
- Chest pain (angina): This is the most common symptom, and it often feels like pressure, tightness, or squeezing in the chest.
- Shortness of breath: This can occur when your heart cannot pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs.
- Fatigue: A general feeling of tiredness can result from the heart working harder to pump blood.
- Anxiety: Some individuals experience feelings of anxiety or unease.
In some cases, a heart attack is the first sign of coronary disease. Heart attack symptoms can include severe chest pain, pain in the shoulder or arm, difficulty breathing, lightheadedness, and nausea.
How Do Doctors Diagnose It?
To diagnose coronary heart disease, a cardiologist will review your medical history, conduct a physical exam, and may order specific tests. These diagnostic tools provide detailed information about your heart’s health and the condition of your coronary arteries. Here are some of the diagnostic tools cardiologists use:
- Electrocardiogram (EKG): This test records your heart’s electrical activity and can detect signs of heart damage or poor blood flow.
- Echocardiogram: An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of your heart, allowing the doctor to assess its pumping function.
- Stress Test: During a stress test, you exercise while being monitored to see how your heart responds to physical exertion.
- Cardiac Catheterization: In this procedure, a thin tube is guided through a blood vessel to the coronary arteries to evaluate blockages.
These tests help a cardiologist determine the extent of arterial blockage.
What Treatment Options Are Available?
After confirming a diagnosis of coronary artery disease, your doctor will create a personalized treatment plan. This plan aims to manage symptoms, slow the progression of atherosclerosis, and reduce the risk of complications. Treatment approaches typically include a combination of lifestyle adjustments, medications, and, if necessary, interventional procedures.
Adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical exercise, managing stress, and losing weight if needed are all good lifestyle modifications. Your doctor may also prescribe medications to manage underlying conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes. For advanced cases, the doctor may recommend a minimally invasive procedure to open blocked arteries and restore blood flow.
Schedule Your Coronary Artery Disease Appointment
Coronary heart disease is a serious condition, but with proper management, individuals can lead a healthy life. Recognizing the symptoms and seeking timely medical care are helpful steps in protecting your heart. If you are experiencing symptoms such as chest pain or shortness of breath, contact a qualified cardiologist near you to schedule an appointment today.
