Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Awareness of risk factors, prevention strategies, and early signs can support individuals in monitoring their skin health and seeking professional guidance when needed. While anyone can develop skin cancer, factors such as skin type, sun exposure history, and family history may influence risk.
What Is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer develops from the abnormal growth of cells in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. This uncontrolled cell growth can lead to the formation of tumors, which may be benign or malignant. The condition can affect people of all skin tones, though certain factors can elevate an individual’s risk.
The most significant cause of this type of cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This radiation originates from both natural sunlight and artificial sources, such as tanning beds. UV light can damage skin cells over time, leading to mutations that may cause malignant growths.
What Are the Different Types?
Skin cancer is broadly categorized into several types, with three being the most common. Each type originates from different cells within the epidermis and presents with distinct characteristics. The three most common forms of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
This is the most common type of skin cancer. BCC originates in the basal cells, which are located at the bottom of the epidermis. It typically grows slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the body. These growths often appear on sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, and scalp. A basal cell carcinoma may appear as a small, pink or pearly bump, or a flat, flesh-colored lesion.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
The second most common form, squamous cell carcinoma, develops in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin. Like BCC, it often forms on areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, neck, and hands. SCC can appear as a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface.
Melanoma
Melanoma is less common than BCC and SCC, but it is known for being more dangerous because of its capacity to spread rapidly to other parts of the body. This cancer develops in the melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin. Melanoma can develop anywhere on the body, even in areas not exposed to the sun. It can arise from an existing mole or appear as a new, unusual-looking skin spot.
How Is It Treated?
The approach to treating skin cancer depends on various factors, including the type of cancer, its size, depth, and location. A dermatologist will recommend a course of action after a thorough evaluation. Common treatment methods include:
- Curettage and Electrodesiccation: A procedure where the cancerous tissue is scraped away with a curette and the area is then treated with an electric needle to address any remaining cells.
- Surgical Excision: The surgeon removes the cancerous tumor along with a margin of surrounding healthy skin.
- Mohs Surgery: This specialized surgical technique involves removing the visible cancer and then excising very thin layers of skin one at a time.
- Cryotherapy: This method uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy the abnormal cells.
Meet With a Dermatologist
Routine skin examinations are a proactive measure for monitoring skin health. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in conditions involving the skin, hair, and nails. A dermatologist can perform a comprehensive skin check and discuss any areas of concern you may have, offering information tailored to your specific situation.
